Part human and part horse, silenoi (sing. silenos) were older satyrs who belonged to the entourage of Bacchus, the Roman god of wine, theater, and revelry. Each figure is made of two pieces that were cast separately and fastened together. Anchoring the lush wreaths that encircle their heads are short, thin struts of metal. The whites of their eyes and their teeth are silver, and their lips were once inlaid with copper, giving them a lifelike appearance. These magnificent silenoi once decorated the sides of the curved headboard of a couch used by guests at the lavish banquets enjoyed by members of high society.<\/p>\n","short_description":null,"dimensions":"1: 17.8 \u00d7 14.6 \u00d7 8.6 cm (7 \u00d7 5 3\/4 \u00d7 3 3\/8 in.); 2: 18.7 \u00d7 16.2 \u00d7 8.9 cm (7 3\/8 \u00d7 6 3\/8 \u00d7 4 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[],"medium_display":"Bronze, silver, and copper","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Katherine K. Adler Memorial Fund","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"Art Institute of Chicago, Annual Report: 1997\u201398 (Art Institute of Chicago, 1998), p. 12.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Treasures from the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000), p. 73 (ill., 1997.554.2).\n\nKaren B. Alexander, \"From Plaster to Stone: Ancient Art at the Art Institute of Chicago,\" in Karen Manchester, Recasting the Past: Collecting and Presenting Antiquities at the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012), pp. 33, 39.\n\nKaren Manchester, Recasting the Past: Collecting and Presenting Antiquities at the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago; New York: Yale University Press, 2012), pp. 76\u201377; 111\u2013112, cat. 15 (ill.).\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago: The Essential Guide (Art Institute of Chicago, 2013), p. 71 (ill.).\n\nJohn Dorfman, \u201cImprints of Ecstasy,\u201d in Art and Antiques (Winter 2015\u201316), p. 67 (ill., 1997.554.1).\n\nJohn Twilley, \u201cCat. 139 Attachment Depicting the Bust of a Silenos: Technical Report,\u201d in Roman Art at the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 2016).\n\nKatharine A. Raff, \u201cCats. 139-140 Attachment Depicting Busts of Silenoi: Curatorial Entry,\u201d in Roman Art at the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 2016).","exhibition_history":"Art Institute of Chicago, A Case for Wine: From King Tut to Today, July 11\u2013September 20, 2009, no cat.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Ancient Art Galleries, Gallery 156, 1998 - July 11, 2009 and September 20, 2009- February 2012.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Dionysos Unmasked: Ancient Sculpture and Early Prints, July 31, 2015\u2013February 15, 2016, no cat.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Of Gods and Glamour: The Mary and Michael Jaharis Galleries of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Art, Gallery 151, November 11, 2012 - July 9, 2015 and March 3, 2016 - Jan. 20, 2023.","provenance_text":"Robert Hecht (1919\u20132012), New York, by 1957 [this and the following according to correspondence from Cornelius Vermeule III, dated 1997; copy in curatorial object file]; sold through Hesperia Fine Arts, to a private collection, Philadelphia; with Roberth Hecht, New York; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1997.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":941,"fiscal_year":1998,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":true,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":17.1365,"color":{"h":156,"l":50,"s":13,"percentage":0.01694628029147602,"population":84},"latitude":41.879784141212,"longitude":-87.6216775003167,"latlon":"41.879784141212,-87.621677500317","is_on_view":true,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Decorative Arts","artwork_type_id":8,"department_title":"Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium","department_id":"PC-4","artist_id":51349,"artist_title":"Ancient Roman","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[51349],"artist_titles":["Ancient Roman"],"category_ids":["PC-4","PC-832"],"category_titles":["Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium","Drinking and Dining"],"term_titles":["bronze","casting (process)","late republican","sculpture","mythology","bronze","copper alloy","nonferrous metal","metal","inorganic material","silver","forming","inlay (process)","republican","early imperial","imperial (roman)","metal","ancient art","dining","drinking","container","ancient","decorative arts","mythological figures","wine","satyr"],"style_id":"TM-4443","style_title":"late republican","alt_style_ids":["TM-4440","TM-4446","TM-4441","TM-8542"],"style_ids":["TM-4443","TM-4440","TM-4446","TM-4441","TM-8542"],"style_titles":["late republican","republican","early imperial","imperial (roman)","ancient"],"classification_id":"TM-13","classification_title":"sculpture","alt_classification_ids":["TM-28","TM-33","TM-1392","TM-297","TM-1678"],"classification_ids":["TM-13","TM-28","TM-33","TM-1392","TM-297","TM-1678"],"classification_titles":["sculpture","bronze","metal","ancient art","container","decorative arts"],"subject_id":"TM-8766","alt_subject_ids":["TM-12076","TM-12077","TM-12704","TM-14255","TM-15665"],"subject_ids":["TM-8766","TM-12076","TM-12077","TM-12704","TM-14255","TM-15665"],"subject_titles":["mythology","dining","drinking","mythological figures","wine","satyr"],"material_id":"TM-2430","alt_material_ids":["TM-2694","TM-2683","TM-2568","TM-2600","TM-2436"],"material_ids":["TM-2430","TM-2694","TM-2683","TM-2568","TM-2600","TM-2436"],"material_titles":["bronze","copper alloy","nonferrous metal","metal","inorganic material","silver"],"technique_id":"TM-3881","alt_technique_ids":["TM-4027","TM-3884"],"technique_ids":["TM-3881","TM-4027","TM-3884"],"technique_titles":["casting (process)","forming","inlay (process)"],"theme_titles":["Drinking and Dining"],"image_id":"a5279340-dc3a-35c3-8226-c0bee51f4e1e","alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":["1f51e22e-1924-5c2a-f130-e2cf6a251130"],"sound_ids":["1f51e22e-1924-5c2a-f130-e2cf6a251130"],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[2965349,2967785],"section_titles":["Cats. 139\u2013140 Attachments Depicting\u00a0Busts of Silenoi, mid-1st century B.C.\/mid-1st century A.D.","Cat. 139 \u00a0Attachment Depicting the\u00a0Bust of a Silenos, mid-1st century B.C.\/mid-1st century A.D."],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1997.554.1-2"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Attachments Depicting Busts of Silenoi"],"weight":2827,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:36:23-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:40:30-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-01T23:50:08-05:00"},{"id":126436,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/126436","is_boosted":false,"title":"Mosaic Fragment with a Man Leading a Giraffe","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBQAFAPQAAHZ4enl5enx9fX59fJB8ZpiCaomCeJaHdpWJepWMfaKQc5+SgZqShJ6Uhp+XjZyYj6KWhaOYh6SYhaSYh66cgq2chK6dhLKghbKihQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAFAAUAAAUVYCBEDDA0F\/YkRKVISGFRkHEskxMCADs=","width":5250,"height":5262,"alt_text":"A work made of stone in mortar."},"main_reference_number":"1993.345","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":401,"date_end":500,"date_display":"5th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Byzantine\nEastern Mediterranean, probably Syria","place_of_origin":"Tyre","description":"

This is one of only a few representations of a giraffe from the Early Byzantine period. Its accuracy suggests that the designers directly observed giraffes that were brought to Constantinople as gifts for the emperor, as described in 5th-century texts. The figure in this fragment wears a long fabric wrap with an intricate knot as well as a headdress, suggesting that he represents the \u201cIndian\u201d keeper who reportedly accompanied the animals from their place of origin. Viewers of this mosaic may have had a limited understanding of world geography, so we are not sure if they assumed that the pair had traveled from eastern Africa (south of Egypt) or the subcontinent of India.<\/p>\n","short_description":"This mosaic fragment was once part of a larger composition that paved the floor of a wealthy family home in the Eastern Mediterranean area of the Roman Empire. Composed of thousands of small tesserae<\/em>, or stone cubes, it shows a giraffe and a human handler standing against a decorative backdrop of scallop-shaped semicircles.","dimensions":"170.8 \u00d7 167 \u00d7 6.4 cm (67 1\/4 \u00d7 65 3\/4 \u00d7 2 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":6,"width":167,"height":170,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Stone in mortar","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Gift of Mrs. Robert B. Mayer","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"\"Raff, Katharine A. 2022. \"\"The Waiting-Servant Motif in a Late Antique Textile in Chicago: Iconography, Visuality, and Materiality\"\" Arts 11, no. 3: 64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/arts11030064. 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Across the Byzantine Empire, one of the most common ways to decorate public buildings and elite homes was with mosaic floors made up of tesserae: small pieces of stone, ceramic, or occasionally glass. They were designed to accommodate the ways a viewer\u2019s perspective changed while walking over the composition. The placement of figures could also help guide people through architectural spaces. The camel in this mosaic wears a bell around its neck, indicating that it had an owner, whose foot appears in the bottom-right corner of the fragment. Camels were particularly important for trade, as they could carry substantial weight over long distances.<\/p>\n","short_description":null,"dimensions":"143 \u00d7 166.5 \u00d7 6.5 cm (56 1\/4 \u00d7 61 1\/2 \u00d7 2 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":6,"width":166,"height":143,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Stone in mortar","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. 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1675