China's pantheon of Buddhist deities, with their accompanying rituals and artistic styles, burgeoned following its conquest by the Mongols and its absorption into the pan-Asian, multiethnic Yuan empire (1279-1368). From then on, many Chinese rulers and members of elite society, of both native and foreign heritage, became fervent devotees of Tibetan Buddhism. This tradition is also known as Vajrayana (Diamond Path) or Tantric Buddhism. Buddhist images made in China but influenced by Tibetan (as well as Nepalese) iconography and style are termed Sino-Tibetan.<\/p>\n

This image depicts one of many emanations of the compassionate deity Tara. An inscription on the top surface of its throne reads "Da Ming Yongle nian zhi" (Bestowed in the Yongle reign of the Great Ming). The Yongle emperor was the third ruler of the Ming dynasty and a great patron of Buddhist art.<\/p>\n","short_description":null,"dimensions":"21.5 \u00d7 13.5 \u00d7 12.5 cm (8 1\/2 \u00d7 5 1\/4 \u00d7 4 7\/8 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":12,"width":13,"height":21,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Gilt copper alloy with traces of pigment (lapis lazuli)","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Gift of Guy H. Mitchell","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":null,"exhibition_history":null,"provenance_text":null,"edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Basic","internal_department_id":8,"fiscal_year":1926,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":33.1663,"color":{"h":37,"l":65,"s":68,"percentage":0.02099992419539559,"population":205},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Metalwork","artwork_type_id":35,"department_title":"Arts of Asia","department_id":"PC-7","artist_id":108318,"artist_title":"Sino Tibetan","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[108318],"artist_titles":["Sino Tibetan"],"category_ids":["PC-7"],"category_titles":["Arts of Asia"],"term_titles":["bronze","bronze","Chinese (culture or style)","metal","sculpture","asian art"],"style_id":"TM-4303","style_title":"Chinese (culture or style)","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-4303"],"style_titles":["Chinese (culture or style)"],"classification_id":"TM-28","classification_title":"bronze","alt_classification_ids":["TM-33","TM-13","TM-26"],"classification_ids":["TM-28","TM-33","TM-13","TM-26"],"classification_titles":["bronze","metal","sculpture","asian art"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":[],"subject_titles":[],"material_id":"TM-2430","alt_material_ids":[],"material_ids":["TM-2430"],"material_titles":["bronze"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"23bf4271-c10e-82df-ac26-6e1243c1bcf9","alt_image_ids":["21eeb29b-2a4a-0392-92e2-e5f05ab180e3"],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1925.378"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Green Tara, Seated in Pose of Royal Ease (Lalitasana), with Lotus Stalks on Right Shoulder and Hands in Gestures of Reasoning (Vitarkamudra) and Gift Conferring (Varadamudra)"],"weight":3311,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T23:52:51-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-02T00:25:36-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":147005,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/147005","is_boosted":false,"title":"Painted Banner (Thangka) of Vajriputra, One of the Sixteen Great Arhats","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAwAFAPMAAC19bVxwXGVnXE52YHJ5a1qBbGKFcmiEcnCBcnqLd32NdJGEboeOf5uTfYqlkgAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAADAAUAAAQLMJxlHEMtEaEGKBEAOw==","width":6081,"height":9744,"alt_text":"A scene in green, orange, and blue depicts a large robed figure seated prominently in the foreground, a small standing figure beside him, and a tiny, seated, floating figure above him, mountains in the background."},"main_reference_number":"1997.54","has_not_been_viewed_much":true,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1675,"date_end":1725,"date_display":"late 17th\/early 18th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Chinese or Tibetan","place_of_origin":"Tibet","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"102 \u00d7 61.5 cm (40 1\/8 \u00d7 24 1\/4 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":61,"height":102,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Pigment and gold on silk and cotton","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Alsdorf Foundation, Margaret Gentles, Frederick and Nathalie Gookin, Samuel M. Nickerson, Russell Tyson funds; Ardith Lauerman endowment","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"Pal, Pratapaditya. 1999. \"Himalalyan Art: Selected New Acquisitions.\" Arts of Asia 29, 3 (May-June 1999) pp. 75-86.","exhibition_history":"Alsdorf Galleries of Indian, Southeast Asian, Himalayan and Islamic Art, Gallery 140 rotation, The Art Institute of Chicago, June 15, 2012 - December. 10. 2012.","provenance_text":null,"edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":8,"fiscal_year":1997,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":51.367,"color":{"h":182,"l":31,"s":54,"percentage":0.06170005585170933,"population":633},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Arts of Asia","department_id":"PC-7","artist_id":113171,"artist_title":"Tibeto-Chinese","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[113171],"artist_titles":["Tibeto-Chinese"],"category_ids":["PC-7"],"category_titles":["Arts of Asia"],"term_titles":["silk (textile)","Himalayan","thangka","ink","painting","asian art","tankas (scrolls or banners)"],"style_id":"TM-5376","style_title":"Himalayan","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-5376"],"style_titles":["Himalayan"],"classification_id":"TM-16428","classification_title":"thangka","alt_classification_ids":["TM-9","TM-26","TM-12144"],"classification_ids":["TM-16428","TM-9","TM-26","TM-12144"],"classification_titles":["thangka","painting","asian art","tankas (scrolls or banners)"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":[],"subject_titles":[],"material_id":"TM-2579","alt_material_ids":["TM-2398"],"material_ids":["TM-2579","TM-2398"],"material_titles":["silk (textile)","ink"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"01e93a51-4f67-6493-ed11-966d39820973","alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1997.54"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Painted Banner (Thangka) of Vajriputra, One of the Sixteen Great Arhats"],"weight":123,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:46:30-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:50:28-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":104982,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/104982","is_boosted":false,"title":"Amitayus Buddha Seated within a White Stupa","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":null,"main_reference_number":"1985.1024","has_not_been_viewed_much":true,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1800,"date_end":1999,"date_display":"19th\u201320th Century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Tibet","place_of_origin":"Tibet","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"Image: 121.3 \u00d7 71 cm (47 13\/16 \u00d7 28 in.); Mounting and frame: 148.5 \u00d7 87.9 cm (58 1\/2 \u00d7 34 5\/8 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":71,"height":121,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Image"},{"depth":null,"width":87,"height":148,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Mounting and frame"}],"medium_display":"Pigment with gold on cloth","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"James W. and Marilynn Alsdorf Collection","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":null,"exhibition_history":null,"provenance_text":"Loaned to the Art Institute of Chicago by Mr. James W. Alsdorf (died 1990), Chicago, Ill., April 7, 1983; Gifted to the Art Institute of Chicago by Mr. James W. Alsdorf (died 1990), Chicago, Ill., December 30, 1985.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":8,"fiscal_year":1986,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":null,"color":null,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Arts of Asia","department_id":"PC-7","artist_id":null,"artist_title":null,"alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[],"artist_titles":[],"category_ids":["PC-7"],"category_titles":["Arts of Asia"],"term_titles":["cloth","Himalayan","thangka","painting","pigment","asian art"],"style_id":"TM-5376","style_title":"Himalayan","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-5376"],"style_titles":["Himalayan"],"classification_id":"TM-16428","classification_title":"thangka","alt_classification_ids":["TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_ids":["TM-16428","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_titles":["thangka","painting","asian art"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":[],"subject_titles":[],"material_id":"TM-2569","alt_material_ids":["TM-2509"],"material_ids":["TM-2569","TM-2509"],"material_titles":["cloth","pigment"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":null,"alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1985.1024"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Amitayus Buddha Seated within a White Stupa"],"weight":1,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:40:30-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:45:29-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":65926,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/65926","is_boosted":false,"title":"Buddhist Deity Green Tara and the Twenty-One Taras","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAwAFAPMAAEU6KlFJNFdONHBkQnNoRnhuSnpwSn5yToF2SIR5T4F0UIx\/UIyAV5OHV5uPXwAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAADAAUAAAQLEJk1AElClXAacxEAOw==","width":2592,"height":3888,"alt_text":"A work made of opaque watercolor on cotton."},"main_reference_number":"1986.1314","has_not_been_viewed_much":true,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1701,"date_end":1800,"date_display":"18th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Tibet","place_of_origin":"Tibet","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"53.8 \u00d7 34.8 cm (21 3\/16 \u00d7 13 3\/4 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":34,"height":53,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Opaque watercolor on cotton","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Gift of Mrs. Otto Madlener","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":null,"exhibition_history":null,"provenance_text":"Gifted to the Art Institute by Mrs. Otto Madlener, Hot Springs, Va., December 16, 1986.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":8,"fiscal_year":null,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":38.25,"color":{"h":50,"l":59,"s":35,"percentage":0.2467190862672837,"population":2631},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Arts of Asia","department_id":"PC-7","artist_id":null,"artist_title":null,"alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[],"artist_titles":[],"category_ids":["PC-7"],"category_titles":["Arts of Asia"],"term_titles":["cloth","Himalayan","thangka","miniature painting","pigment","painting","asian art"],"style_id":"TM-5376","style_title":"Himalayan","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-5376"],"style_titles":["Himalayan"],"classification_id":"TM-16428","classification_title":"thangka","alt_classification_ids":["TM-340","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_ids":["TM-16428","TM-340","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_titles":["thangka","miniature painting","painting","asian art"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":[],"subject_titles":[],"material_id":"TM-2569","alt_material_ids":["TM-2509"],"material_ids":["TM-2569","TM-2509"],"material_titles":["cloth","pigment"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"882f0bbc-b668-7589-343a-bc8e274d219f","alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1986.1314"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Buddhist Deity Green Tara and the Twenty-One Taras"],"weight":88,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:43:07-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:45:29-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":147877,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/147877","is_boosted":false,"title":"Attachments Depicting Busts of Silenoi","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBwAFAPUAABAQERUVFhoaGx0dHx4eHyQlIiQlJCcnJykqJykpKSstKS0uKi8vKiwtLDEyMjk5OTw7PT9AN0BBOEJEOklNPEFBQkpMQEtPRU1NTltdTWRjT2RnVWptW2l2XXRzWXV2XnF5Xnd4X3J1YAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAHAAUAAAYhQEDBIEAoAgtRZsDZECKhzwXkkSQsmkmHwsA8DpCGoxIEADs=","width":3000,"height":2095,"alt_text":"A work made of bronze, silver, and copper."},"main_reference_number":"1997.554.1-2","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":-50,"date_end":50,"date_display":"Mid 1st century BCE-mid 1st century CE","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Roman","place_of_origin":"Roman Empire","description":"

Part human and part horse, silenoi (sing. silenos) were older satyrs who belonged to the entourage of Bacchus, the Roman god of wine, theater, and revelry. Each figure is made of two pieces that were cast separately and fastened together. Anchoring the lush wreaths that encircle their heads are short, thin struts of metal. The whites of their eyes and their teeth are silver, and their lips were once inlaid with copper, giving them a lifelike appearance. These magnificent silenoi once decorated the sides of the curved headboard of a couch used by guests at the lavish banquets enjoyed by members of high society.<\/p>\n","short_description":null,"dimensions":"1: 17.8 \u00d7 14.6 \u00d7 8.6 cm (7 \u00d7 5 3\/4 \u00d7 3 3\/8 in.); 2: 18.7 \u00d7 16.2 \u00d7 8.9 cm (7 3\/8 \u00d7 6 3\/8 \u00d7 4 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[],"medium_display":"Bronze, silver, and copper","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Katherine K. Adler Memorial Fund","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"Art Institute of Chicago, Annual Report: 1997\u201398 (Art Institute of Chicago, 1998), p. 12.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Treasures from the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000), p. 73 (ill., 1997.554.2).\n\nKaren B. Alexander, \"From Plaster to Stone: Ancient Art at the Art Institute of Chicago,\" in Karen Manchester, Recasting the Past: Collecting and Presenting Antiquities at the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012), pp. 33, 39.\n\nKaren Manchester, Recasting the Past: Collecting and Presenting Antiquities at the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago; New York: Yale University Press, 2012), pp. 76\u201377; 111\u2013112, cat. 15 (ill.).\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago: The Essential Guide (Art Institute of Chicago, 2013), p. 71 (ill.).\n\nJohn Dorfman, \u201cImprints of Ecstasy,\u201d in Art and Antiques (Winter 2015\u201316), p. 67 (ill., 1997.554.1).\n\nJohn Twilley, \u201cCat. 139 Attachment Depicting the Bust of a Silenos: Technical Report,\u201d in Roman Art at the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 2016).\n\nKatharine A. Raff, \u201cCats. 139-140 Attachment Depicting Busts of Silenoi: Curatorial Entry,\u201d in Roman Art at the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 2016).","exhibition_history":"Art Institute of Chicago, A Case for Wine: From King Tut to Today, July 11\u2013September 20, 2009, no cat.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Ancient Art Galleries, Gallery 156, 1998 - July 11, 2009 and September 20, 2009- February 2012.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Dionysos Unmasked: Ancient Sculpture and Early Prints, July 31, 2015\u2013February 15, 2016, no cat.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Of Gods and Glamour: The Mary and Michael Jaharis Galleries of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Art, Gallery 151, November 11, 2012 - July 9, 2015 and March 3, 2016 - Jan. 20, 2023.","provenance_text":"Robert Hecht (1919\u20132012), New York, by 1957 [this and the following according to correspondence from Cornelius Vermeule III, dated 1997; copy in curatorial object file]; sold through Hesperia Fine Arts, to a private collection, Philadelphia; with Roberth Hecht, New York; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1997.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":941,"fiscal_year":1998,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":true,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":17.1365,"color":{"h":156,"l":50,"s":13,"percentage":0.01694628029147602,"population":84},"latitude":41.879784141212,"longitude":-87.6216775003167,"latlon":"41.879784141212,-87.621677500317","is_on_view":true,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Decorative Arts","artwork_type_id":8,"department_title":"Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium","department_id":"PC-4","artist_id":51349,"artist_title":"Ancient Roman","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[51349],"artist_titles":["Ancient Roman"],"category_ids":["PC-4","PC-832"],"category_titles":["Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium","Drinking and Dining"],"term_titles":["bronze","casting (process)","late republican","sculpture","mythology","bronze","copper alloy","nonferrous metal","metal","inorganic material","silver","forming","inlay (process)","republican","early imperial","imperial (roman)","metal","ancient art","dining","drinking","container","ancient","decorative arts","mythological figures","wine","satyr"],"style_id":"TM-4443","style_title":"late republican","alt_style_ids":["TM-4440","TM-4446","TM-4441","TM-8542"],"style_ids":["TM-4443","TM-4440","TM-4446","TM-4441","TM-8542"],"style_titles":["late republican","republican","early imperial","imperial (roman)","ancient"],"classification_id":"TM-13","classification_title":"sculpture","alt_classification_ids":["TM-28","TM-33","TM-1392","TM-297","TM-1678"],"classification_ids":["TM-13","TM-28","TM-33","TM-1392","TM-297","TM-1678"],"classification_titles":["sculpture","bronze","metal","ancient art","container","decorative arts"],"subject_id":"TM-8766","alt_subject_ids":["TM-12076","TM-12077","TM-12704","TM-14255","TM-15665"],"subject_ids":["TM-8766","TM-12076","TM-12077","TM-12704","TM-14255","TM-15665"],"subject_titles":["mythology","dining","drinking","mythological figures","wine","satyr"],"material_id":"TM-2430","alt_material_ids":["TM-2694","TM-2683","TM-2568","TM-2600","TM-2436"],"material_ids":["TM-2430","TM-2694","TM-2683","TM-2568","TM-2600","TM-2436"],"material_titles":["bronze","copper alloy","nonferrous metal","metal","inorganic material","silver"],"technique_id":"TM-3881","alt_technique_ids":["TM-4027","TM-3884"],"technique_ids":["TM-3881","TM-4027","TM-3884"],"technique_titles":["casting (process)","forming","inlay (process)"],"theme_titles":["Drinking and Dining"],"image_id":"a5279340-dc3a-35c3-8226-c0bee51f4e1e","alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":["1f51e22e-1924-5c2a-f130-e2cf6a251130"],"sound_ids":["1f51e22e-1924-5c2a-f130-e2cf6a251130"],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[2965349,2967785],"section_titles":["Cats. 139\u2013140 Attachments Depicting\u00a0Busts of Silenoi, mid-1st century B.C.\/mid-1st century A.D.","Cat. 139 \u00a0Attachment Depicting the\u00a0Bust of a Silenos, mid-1st century B.C.\/mid-1st century A.D."],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1997.554.1-2"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Attachments Depicting Busts of Silenoi"],"weight":2827,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:36:23-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:40:30-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":126436,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/126436","is_boosted":false,"title":"Mosaic Fragment with a Man Leading a Giraffe","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBQAFAPQAAHZ4enl5enx9fX59fJB8ZpiCaomCeJaHdpWJepWMfaKQc5+SgZqShJ6Uhp+XjZyYj6KWhaOYh6SYhaSYh66cgq2chK6dhLKghbKihQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAFAAUAAAUVYCBEDDA0F\/YkRKVISGFRkHEskxMCADs=","width":5250,"height":5262,"alt_text":"A work made of stone in mortar."},"main_reference_number":"1993.345","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":401,"date_end":500,"date_display":"5th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Byzantine\nEastern Mediterranean, probably Syria","place_of_origin":"Tyre","description":"

This is one of only a few representations of a giraffe from the Early Byzantine period. Its accuracy suggests that the designers directly observed giraffes that were brought to Constantinople as gifts for the emperor, as described in 5th-century texts. The figure in this fragment wears a long fabric wrap with an intricate knot as well as a headdress, suggesting that he represents the \u201cIndian\u201d keeper who reportedly accompanied the animals from their place of origin. Viewers of this mosaic may have had a limited understanding of world geography, so we are not sure if they assumed that the pair had traveled from eastern Africa (south of Egypt) or the subcontinent of India.<\/p>\n","short_description":"This mosaic fragment was once part of a larger composition that paved the floor of a wealthy family home in the Eastern Mediterranean area of the Roman Empire. Composed of thousands of small tesserae<\/em>, or stone cubes, it shows a giraffe and a human handler standing against a decorative backdrop of scallop-shaped semicircles.","dimensions":"170.8 \u00d7 167 \u00d7 6.4 cm (67 1\/4 \u00d7 65 3\/4 \u00d7 2 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":6,"width":167,"height":170,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Stone in mortar","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Gift of Mrs. Robert B. Mayer","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"\"Raff, Katharine A. 2022. \"\"The Waiting-Servant Motif in a Late Antique Textile in Chicago: Iconography, Visuality, and Materiality\"\" Arts 11, no. 3: 64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/arts11030064. Fig. 15.\n\nNancy \u0160ev\u010denko, \"\"The Giraffe that Came to Constantinople,\"\" The Eloquence of Art: Essays in Honour of Henry Maguire, edited by Andrea Olsen Lam, and Rossitza Schroeder, Taylor & Francis Group, 2020, pp. 336-337, fig. 19.1.\n\nAlexabdra van der Greer, Animals in Stone: Indian Mammals Sculptured Through Time (Leiden: Brill, 2008) pp. 281, fig. 350. \n\nEdgar Williams, Giraffe (London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2010) p. 53 (ill.)\n\nCleopatra: A Multi-Media Guide to the Ancient World<\/em><\/a> (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1997).","exhibition_history":"Art Institute of Chicago, Of Gods and Glamour: The Mary and Michael Jaharis Galleries of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Art, Gallery 153, November 11, 2012 - present.","provenance_text":"Said to be from North Syria or Lebanon, possibly Tyre. Asfar Bros., Beirut, Lebanon, by 1968; sold to Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Mayer, Winnetka, IL, 1968 [according to correspondence in curatorial file];on loan to the Art Institute from 1972-1993; given to the Art Insititute of Chicago in 1993.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":941,"fiscal_year":1994,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":true,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":25.7631,"color":{"h":176,"l":30,"s":1,"percentage":0.015442172573297675,"population":110},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":true,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Architectural fragment","artwork_type_id":19,"department_title":"Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium","department_id":"PC-4","artist_id":37902,"artist_title":"Byzantine","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[37902],"artist_titles":["Byzantine"],"category_ids":["PC-4"],"category_titles":["Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium"],"term_titles":["architectural fragment","animals","stone","mosaic","byzantine","mosaic","rock","inorganic material","inlay (process)","ancient art","ancient","men"],"style_id":"TM-4707","style_title":"byzantine","alt_style_ids":["TM-8542"],"style_ids":["TM-4707","TM-8542"],"style_titles":["byzantine","ancient"],"classification_id":"TM-184","classification_title":"architectural fragment","alt_classification_ids":["TM-985","TM-1392"],"classification_ids":["TM-184","TM-985","TM-1392"],"classification_titles":["architectural fragment","mosaic","ancient art"],"subject_id":"TM-12218","alt_subject_ids":["TM-10121"],"subject_ids":["TM-12218","TM-10121"],"subject_titles":["animals","men"],"material_id":"TM-2434","alt_material_ids":["TM-2796","TM-2600"],"material_ids":["TM-2434","TM-2796","TM-2600"],"material_titles":["stone","rock","inorganic material"],"technique_id":"TM-3888","alt_technique_ids":["TM-3884"],"technique_ids":["TM-3888","TM-3884"],"technique_titles":["mosaic","inlay (process)"],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"30a17640-e9e9-7990-1f7c-8fc18d06464e","alt_image_ids":["ffb4ad4d-3b17-276d-a23a-edff4adac6a0","919f9f1d-a609-1d14-e417-31ad11cc4b08","28efa2c3-cb74-a4c4-5a42-aa89daff35c6","da60554c-c557-8cf6-b6e8-fab762e1aa7b"],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[99],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1993.345"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Mosaic Fragment with a Man Leading a Giraffe"],"weight":5380,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:32:56-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:35:31-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":103305,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/103305","is_boosted":false,"title":"Vajrapani Chitta Mandala (Sarvadurgati Parishodhana Tantra)","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAwAFAPMAADo6QD9BSFhVXG5SRGNXSl5dZF1gZWFjZn9uZoF0bIB1bYV2bpJ4YYqBdqqXfgAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAADAAUAAAQLUICDRnKsLaJKMBEAOw==","width":3986,"height":7010,"alt_text":"A work made of opaque watercolor on cotton."},"main_reference_number":"1984.1342","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1399,"date_end":1499,"date_display":"15th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Tibet\n\u00dc-Tsang Province","place_of_origin":"Tibet","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"91.4 \u00d7 61 cm (36 \u00d7 24 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":61,"height":91,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Opaque watercolor on cotton","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Otto Doering III Fund","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"John C. Huntington and Dina Bangdel, The Circle of Bliss, (Columbus Museum of Art, 2003, pp. 424-425, cat. 130.","exhibition_history":"Los Angeles County Museum of Art, for exhibit, \"Circle of Bliss\", Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 10\/5\/03-1\/4\/04, Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio, 2\/8-5\/9\/04","provenance_text":"Sold to the Art Institute by Mrs. Frederick Baekeland, November 7, 1984.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":8,"fiscal_year":null,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":37.4878,"color":{"h":46,"l":66,"s":76,"percentage":0.008078907731674677,"population":101},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Arts of Asia","department_id":"PC-7","artist_id":null,"artist_title":null,"alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[],"artist_titles":[],"category_ids":["PC-7"],"category_titles":["Arts of Asia"],"term_titles":["cloth","Himalayan","thangka","painting","pigment","asian art"],"style_id":"TM-5376","style_title":"Himalayan","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-5376"],"style_titles":["Himalayan"],"classification_id":"TM-16428","classification_title":"thangka","alt_classification_ids":["TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_ids":["TM-16428","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_titles":["thangka","painting","asian art"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":[],"subject_titles":[],"material_id":"TM-2569","alt_material_ids":["TM-2509"],"material_ids":["TM-2569","TM-2509"],"material_titles":["cloth","pigment"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"6e100bed-ddd8-8a2a-0718-76d5c8b6e526","alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1984.1342"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Vajrapani Chitta Mandala (Sarvadurgati Parishodhana Tantra)"],"weight":233,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:33:29-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:35:30-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":35355,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/35355","is_boosted":false,"title":"Mosaic Fragment with Grazing Camel","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBgAFAPQAAIVwU4dxVIhxU4ByW4d2Xo96Wo9+YY18YpB9YJJ+Y5iCZJqFZJuGZZmGZ5aGa5mHbJ+MapqJbJyIbZyLbZ2Lb52MbaKObKWNbqOOcaGQcaOQcqWRcKaRc6KRdAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAGAAUAAAUYIHIMhjURgQBwVyJRxYMpWldlTsMs0BaFADs=","width":4761,"height":4305,"alt_text":"A work made of stone in mortar."},"main_reference_number":"1970.1065","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":301,"date_end":500,"date_display":"5th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Byzantine; Eastern Mediterranean, probably Syria","place_of_origin":"Byzantine Empire","description":"

Across the Byzantine Empire, one of the most common ways to decorate public buildings and elite homes was with mosaic floors made up of tesserae: small pieces of stone, ceramic, or occasionally glass. They were designed to accommodate the ways a viewer\u2019s perspective changed while walking over the composition. The placement of figures could also help guide people through architectural spaces. The camel in this mosaic wears a bell around its neck, indicating that it had an owner, whose foot appears in the bottom-right corner of the fragment. Camels were particularly important for trade, as they could carry substantial weight over long distances.<\/p>\n","short_description":null,"dimensions":"143 \u00d7 166.5 \u00d7 6.5 cm (56 1\/4 \u00d7 61 1\/2 \u00d7 2 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":6,"width":166,"height":143,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Stone in mortar","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Mayer","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"\"Raff, Katharine A. 2022. \"\"The Waiting-Servant Motif in a Late Antique Textile in Chicago: Iconography, Visuality, and Materiality\"\" Arts 11, no. 3: 64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/arts11030064. Note 77.\n\nKaren B. Alexander, \"\"From Plaster to Stone: Ancient Art at the Art Institute of Chicago,\"\" in Karen Manchester, Recasting the Past: Collecting and Presenting Antiquities at the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012), p. 39.\n\nJ.S., \"\"Notes on Six Late Antique Mosaics,\"\" Calendar of the Art Institute of Chicago 65, 5 (November 1971), pp. 1-6\"","exhibition_history":"\"Art Institute of Chicago, Of Gods and Glamour: The Mary and Michael Jaharis Galleries of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Art, Gallery 153, November 11, 2012\u2013present.\n\nArt Insitute of Chicago, Ancient Art Galleries, April 20, 1994 - February 6, 2012. \"","provenance_text":"Asfar Bros., Beirut, Lebanon, by 1968; sold to Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Mayer, Winnetka, IL, 1968 [according to correspondence in curatorial file]; given to the Art Institute of Chicago, December 29, 1970.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":941,"fiscal_year":1971,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":26.9302,"color":{"h":38,"l":62,"s":17,"percentage":0.1141094018052014,"population":733},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":true,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Architectural fragment","artwork_type_id":19,"department_title":"Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium","department_id":"PC-4","artist_id":37902,"artist_title":"Byzantine","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[37902],"artist_titles":["Byzantine"],"category_ids":["PC-4"],"category_titles":["Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium"],"term_titles":["architectural fragment","stone","byzantine","mosaic","animals","ancient art","ancient"],"style_id":"TM-4707","style_title":"byzantine","alt_style_ids":["TM-8542"],"style_ids":["TM-4707","TM-8542"],"style_titles":["byzantine","ancient"],"classification_id":"TM-184","classification_title":"architectural fragment","alt_classification_ids":["TM-985","TM-1392"],"classification_ids":["TM-184","TM-985","TM-1392"],"classification_titles":["architectural fragment","mosaic","ancient art"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":["TM-12218"],"subject_ids":["TM-12218"],"subject_titles":["animals"],"material_id":"TM-2434","alt_material_ids":[],"material_ids":["TM-2434"],"material_titles":["stone"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"6f83a79b-cd42-33de-3e15-175642f16f3c","alt_image_ids":["d9b4285a-9f99-4898-9a62-1a57980ae05b","d9e96a34-0a4e-a8e7-b430-91c91ade5737","78f6567c-d5e1-a4e3-e140-725a33a94ac6"],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1970.1065"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Mosaic Fragment with Grazing Camel"],"weight":1378,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:28:28-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:30:33-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":22179,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/22179","is_boosted":false,"title":"Amitayus Buddha, the Lord of Infinite Life","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":null,"main_reference_number":"1964.1061","has_not_been_viewed_much":true,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1801,"date_end":1900,"date_display":"19th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Tibet","place_of_origin":"Tibet","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"Image: 156 \u00d7 108 cm (61 7\/16 \u00d7 42 9\/16 in.); Overall: 245 \u00d7 146 cm (96 1\/2 \u00d7 57 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":108,"height":156,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Image"},{"depth":null,"width":146,"height":245,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Overall"}],"medium_display":"Pigment on cloth","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Bequest of Russell Tyson","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":null,"exhibition_history":null,"provenance_text":"Bequeathed to the Art Institute by Mr. Russell Tyson, Chicago, Ill., October 15, 1964.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":8,"fiscal_year":null,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":null,"color":null,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Arts of Asia","department_id":"PC-7","artist_id":null,"artist_title":null,"alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[],"artist_titles":[],"category_ids":["PC-7"],"category_titles":["Arts of Asia"],"term_titles":["cloth","Himalayan","thangka","hanging scroll","pigment","painting","asian art"],"style_id":"TM-5376","style_title":"Himalayan","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-5376"],"style_titles":["Himalayan"],"classification_id":"TM-16428","classification_title":"thangka","alt_classification_ids":["TM-335","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_ids":["TM-16428","TM-335","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_titles":["thangka","hanging scroll","painting","asian art"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":[],"subject_titles":[],"material_id":"TM-2569","alt_material_ids":["TM-2509"],"material_ids":["TM-2569","TM-2509"],"material_titles":["cloth","pigment"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":null,"alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1964.1061"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Amitayus Buddha, the Lord of Infinite Life"],"weight":1,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:25:29-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:30:33-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":34310,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/34310","is_boosted":false,"title":"Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) in Multiple Forms, with Peaceful and Wrathful Meditational Deities and Protectors","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBAAFAPQAAGVYR25YQ29bQ2lYRW1aRmdbSHFdRndcRXReRndfRndfR3hfR3FfSndhSndlTXdnTXpgSntiS3loToBiSgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAEAAUAAAUR4FAAhCMgjGQgDrIgQjRFTQgAOw==","width":6500,"height":9106,"alt_text":"A work made of opaque watercolor with gold on cotton."},"main_reference_number":"1970.486","has_not_been_viewed_much":true,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1701,"date_end":1800,"date_display":"18th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Tibet","place_of_origin":"Tibet","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"60 \u00d7 43.4 cm (23 5\/8 \u00d7 17 1\/8 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":43,"height":60,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Opaque watercolor with gold on cotton","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Everett and Ann McNear Collection","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"Archives of Asian Art, 1970, p. 108-109.","exhibition_history":null,"provenance_text":"Gifted to the Art Institute by Mr. Everett McNear, Chicago Ill., December 15, 1970.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":8,"fiscal_year":null,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":0,"color":{"h":40,"l":54,"s":31,"percentage":8.95436652080623e-5,"population":53},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Arts of Asia","department_id":"PC-7","artist_id":null,"artist_title":null,"alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[],"artist_titles":[],"category_ids":["PC-7"],"category_titles":["Arts of Asia"],"term_titles":["Himalayan","thangka","painting","asian art"],"style_id":"TM-5376","style_title":"Himalayan","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-5376"],"style_titles":["Himalayan"],"classification_id":"TM-16428","classification_title":"thangka","alt_classification_ids":["TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_ids":["TM-16428","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_titles":["thangka","painting","asian art"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":[],"subject_titles":[],"material_id":null,"alt_material_ids":[],"material_ids":[],"material_titles":[],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"f5114c43-1716-6d7e-586d-347ddbe6f9a4","alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1970.486"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) in Multiple Forms, with Peaceful and Wrathful Meditational Deities and Protectors"],"weight":133,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:29:17-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:30:32-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":78517,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/78517","is_boosted":false,"title":"Shakyamuni Buddha and the Sixteen Arhats","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":null,"main_reference_number":"1952.1010","has_not_been_viewed_much":true,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1800,"date_end":1999,"date_display":"19th\u201320th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Tibet","place_of_origin":"Tibet","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"Image: 35.7 \u00d7 26 cm (14 1\/16 \u00d7 10 1\/4 in.); Overall: 70 \u00d7 46.5 cm (27 9\/16 \u00d7 18 5\/16 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":26,"height":35,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Image"},{"depth":null,"width":46,"height":70,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Overall"}],"medium_display":"Pigment and gold on cloth","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Bequest of Rowena Marsh Abbott","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":null,"exhibition_history":null,"provenance_text":"Bequeathed to the Art Institute of Chicago by Mrs. Rowena Marsh Abbott, Chicago Ill., June 6, 1952.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":8,"fiscal_year":null,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":false,"is_zoomable":false,"max_zoom_window_size":843,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":null,"color":null,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Arts of Asia","department_id":"PC-7","artist_id":null,"artist_title":null,"alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[],"artist_titles":[],"category_ids":["PC-7"],"category_titles":["Arts of Asia"],"term_titles":["cloth","Himalayan","thangka","hanging scroll","pigment","painting","asian art"],"style_id":"TM-5376","style_title":"Himalayan","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-5376"],"style_titles":["Himalayan"],"classification_id":"TM-16428","classification_title":"thangka","alt_classification_ids":["TM-335","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_ids":["TM-16428","TM-335","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_titles":["thangka","hanging scroll","painting","asian art"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":[],"subject_titles":[],"material_id":"TM-2569","alt_material_ids":["TM-2509"],"material_ids":["TM-2569","TM-2509"],"material_titles":["cloth","pigment"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":null,"alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1952.1010"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Shakyamuni Buddha and the Sixteen Arhats"],"weight":1,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:10:59-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:15:37-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":71488,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/71488","is_boosted":false,"title":"Shakyamuni Buddha and Scenes From His Life Story","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":null,"main_reference_number":"1950.1056","has_not_been_viewed_much":true,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1701,"date_end":1800,"date_display":"18th century","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Tibet","place_of_origin":"Tibet","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"Image: 39.5 \u00d7 29 cm (15 9\/16 \u00d7 11 7\/16 in.); Overall: 88 \u00d7 56 cm (34 11\/16 \u00d7 22 1\/16 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":29,"height":39,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Image"},{"depth":null,"width":56,"height":88,"diameter":null,"clarification":"Overall"}],"medium_display":"Pigment with gold on cloth","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Gift of Robert Sonnenschein","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":null,"exhibition_history":null,"provenance_text":"Gifted to the Art Institute by Mr. Robert Sonnenschein II, Chicago, Ill., April, 20, 1950.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":8,"fiscal_year":1950,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":null,"color":null,"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Arts of Asia","department_id":"PC-7","artist_id":null,"artist_title":null,"alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[],"artist_titles":[],"category_ids":["PC-7"],"category_titles":["Arts of Asia"],"term_titles":["cloth","Himalayan","thangka","hanging scroll","pigment","painting","asian art"],"style_id":"TM-5376","style_title":"Himalayan","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-5376"],"style_titles":["Himalayan"],"classification_id":"TM-16428","classification_title":"thangka","alt_classification_ids":["TM-335","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_ids":["TM-16428","TM-335","TM-9","TM-26"],"classification_titles":["thangka","hanging scroll","painting","asian art"],"subject_id":null,"alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":[],"subject_titles":[],"material_id":"TM-2569","alt_material_ids":["TM-2509"],"material_ids":["TM-2569","TM-2509"],"material_titles":["cloth","pigment"],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":null,"alt_image_ids":[],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1950.1056"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Shakyamuni Buddha and Scenes From His Life Story"],"weight":1,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-09-01T18:07:54-05:00","updated_at":"2026-09-01T21:10:44-05:00","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:27:11-05:00"},{"id":76244,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/76244","is_boosted":true,"title":"Excavation","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBgAFAPQAAIJ5aoN9cYmAbZeHaoyBcYiBdJCFc5eJcZWJc5OIdJiMdJ2OdJKLfJmOfJyQe52Re56QepuQfZuQfqCRe6GSe6WUe6GTfKaXf5+UgaWXgaaZgaaagaiahAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAAIf8LSW1hZ2VNYWdpY2sOZ2FtbWE9MC40NTQ1NDUALAAAAAAGAAUAAAUYoKAMRwJY2vJMBsZlk4ZF1RU1DHE8TxGEADs=","width":9421,"height":7552,"alt_text":"Abstract painting with beige background, lines creating sharp angles, minimal color."},"main_reference_number":"1952.1","has_not_been_viewed_much":false,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1950,"date_end":1950,"date_display":"1950","date_qualifier_title":"","date_qualifier_id":null,"artist_display":"Willem de Kooning\nAmerican, born Netherlands, 1904\u20131997","place_of_origin":"United States","description":"

1899