For approximately thirty years, Joseph Cornell worked in relative obscurity in the basement of his home in Queens, New York, creating a multitude of wondrous miniature worlds within his boxed constructions. Poetic m\u00e9langes of found objects and materials, his deeply personal and elusive work (which also includes many collages on paper) combines the enthusiasms of his childhood\u2014butterflies, marbles, seashells, sky charts, stamps\u2014with adult fascinations such as ballerinas, empty cages, and movie stars. Cornell\u2019s boxes often prompt a dizzying series of associations; in Untitled (Butterfly Habitat)<\/em>, these include Christmas decorations, collector\u2019s cabinets for specimens, microscopes, natural history displays, sailor\u2019s boxes, and windows. Some of these references are contradictory, reinforcing the work\u2019s ambiguity. Ideas linked to flight, voyages, and the exotic are countered by the rigid and symmetrical organization of the display. The butterflies are not, however, pinned as they would be on a specimen board. Each pane of paint-spattered glass encloses a small compartment with white wood walls in which a cutout of a paper butterfly is suspended with string, allowing for some movement as the box is handled.<\/p>\n","short_description":"For nearly 30 years, Cornell worked in relative obscurity in the basement of his home in Queens, New York, creating wondrous miniature worlds within his boxed constructions. These deeply personal and poetic assemblages of found objects and materials often prompt a dizzying array of associations. In Untitled (Butterfly Habitat), these include Christmas decorations, collector\u2019s specimen cabinets, microscopes, natural history displays, and windows.","dimensions":"30.5 \u00d7 23.2 \u00d7 8 cm (12 \u00d7 9 1\/8 \u00d7 3 1\/8 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":8,"width":23,"height":30,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Box construction with painted glass","inscriptions":"Signed and dated on back, lower center, on paper label: Joseph Cornell (typed) \/ Joseph Cornell (in artist\u2019s hand) \/ ca. 1940 (typed)","credit_line":"Lindy and Edwin Bergman Joseph Cornell Collection","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"Dore Ashton, A Joseph Cornell Album, 1974, pp. 82-84 (ill.), as Butterfly Habitat. \n\nDiane Waldman, Joseph Cornell 1977, pl. 5. \n\nA.M. Hammacher, Phantoms of the Imagination: Fantasy in Art and Literature from Blake to Dali, New York, 1981, fig. 324 and p. 344, as Butterfly Habitat.","exhibition_history":"Beverly Hills, California, Copley Galleries, Objects by Joseph Cornell, 1948, no. 11, as Series of Butterflies. \n\nPasadena, California, Pasadena Art Museum, An Exhibition of Works by Joseph Cornell, 1966-67, no. 12 (ill.), as Untitled (Series of Butterfly Habitats). \n\nWashington, D.C., National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Joseph Cornell (1903-1972), 1973-74, no cat. \n\nNew York, Castelli, Feigen, Corcoran, Joseph Cornell Portfolio, 1976, no. 7 (ill.). \n\nNew York, The Museum of Modern Art, Joseph Cornell, 1980-82, traveled to London, D\u00fcsseldorf, Florence, Paris, and Chicago, exh. cat., no. 160 (ill.; New York and Chicago only).","provenance_text":"Sold by the artist to William Copley, Beverly Hills, by 1948. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Berman, Sherman Oaks, California, by 1966; sold to Mr. and Mrs. Richard L. Feigen, New York, 1973; sold to Lindy and Edwin Bergman, Chicago, 1976; partially given to the Art Institute, 1982; remaining percentage given to the Art Institure, 2006.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":246,"fiscal_year":2019,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":false,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":1280,"copyright_notice":"\u00a9 The Joseph and Robert Cornell Memorial Foundation \/ Licensed by VAGA at ARS, New York","has_multimedia_resources":true,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":true,"colorfulness":21.5162,"color":{"h":49,"l":48,"s":68,"percentage":0.001525332845226823,"population":13},"latitude":41.8805375724786,"longitude":-87.6216795668005,"latlon":"41.880537572479,-87.6216795668","is_on_view":true,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":"Gallery 397","gallery_id":23995,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Mixed Media","artwork_type_id":15,"department_title":"Modern Art","department_id":"PC-11","artist_id":34033,"artist_title":"Joseph Cornell","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[34033],"artist_titles":["Joseph Cornell"],"category_ids":["PC-11","PC-831"],"category_titles":["Modern Art","Essentials"],"term_titles":["sculpture","sculpting","20th Century","glass","butterflies","Surrealism Highlights","construction\/mixed media","black (color)","blue (color)","yellow (color)","boxes","insects","animals","mixed media"],"style_id":"TM-13130","style_title":"20th Century","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-13130"],"style_titles":["20th Century"],"classification_id":"TM-13","classification_title":"sculpture","alt_classification_ids":["TM-14412","TM-554","TM-10366"],"classification_ids":["TM-13","TM-14412","TM-554","TM-10366"],"classification_titles":["sculpture","Surrealism Highlights","construction\/mixed media","mixed media"],"subject_id":"TM-11223","alt_subject_ids":["TM-11845","TM-11843","TM-11842","TM-12569","TM-8918","TM-12218"],"subject_ids":["TM-11223","TM-11845","TM-11843","TM-11842","TM-12569","TM-8918","TM-12218"],"subject_titles":["butterflies","black (color)","blue (color)","yellow (color)","boxes","insects","animals"],"material_id":"TM-2453","alt_material_ids":[],"material_ids":["TM-2453"],"material_titles":["glass"],"technique_id":"TM-12999","alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":["TM-12999"],"technique_titles":["sculpting"],"theme_titles":["Essentials"],"image_id":"1221a4a5-0b72-41df-3624-98abb53cf3a9","alt_image_ids":["db2d588a-5211-9404-23f8-1fbcc68ece43"],"document_ids":["6ff08843-d0b6-1395-3192-38e243eb1237"],"sound_ids":["6ff08843-d0b6-1395-3192-38e243eb1237"],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_boosted":"Untitled (Butterfly Habitat)","suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1982.1845"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Untitled (Butterfly Habitat)"],"weight":6534,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-02-26T16:15:29-06:00","updated_at":"2026-06-19T15:00:40-05:00","timestamp":"2026-06-19T15:01:17-05:00"},{"id":69454,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/69454","is_boosted":false,"title":"Bedcover","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBQAFAPQAAI93LZl\/Mq2QOrKVP6WRS62TSLeZRLaaRrOZT7icSruiUMOnU8OoUdGyWtCzXM+2ZNG1ZtW4YdS9a9i9a9K7ctvAaOHEaeTLeOzRdgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAAFAAUAAAUVIMEcAiBhlVNQ1wQhjxU1hrIkQxACADs=","width":2095,"height":2250,"alt_text":"A work made of wool, plain weave, glazed (calimanco); quilted with silk thread."},"main_reference_number":"1987.148","has_not_been_viewed_much":true,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1778,"date_end":1778,"date_display":"1778","date_qualifier_title":"Made","date_qualifier_id":4,"artist_display":"Probably Newton, Massachusetts, United States","place_of_origin":"Newton","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"244.2 \u00d7 228.6 cm (96 1\/8 \u00d7 90 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":228,"height":244,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Wool, plain weave, glazed (calimanco); quilted with silk thread","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Grace R. 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Lewis (died 1916), Newton, MA, before 1916; by descent to her son, 1916; sold to Cora Ginsburg, Tarrytown, NY, by Mar. 16, 1987 [invoice, Mar. 16, 1987; copy in curatorial object file]; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1987.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":4,"fiscal_year":1987,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":63.1126,"color":{"h":44,"l":55,"s":51,"percentage":0.26084164028758117,"population":1990},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Textile","artwork_type_id":5,"department_title":"Textiles","department_id":"PC-14","artist_id":null,"artist_title":null,"alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[],"artist_titles":[],"category_ids":["PC-14"],"category_titles":["Textiles"],"term_titles":["needlework - quilt","foliage","wool (textile)","plain weaving","quilting","textile"],"style_id":null,"style_title":null,"alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":[],"style_titles":[],"classification_id":"TM-1016","classification_title":"needlework - quilt","alt_classification_ids":["TM-69"],"classification_ids":["TM-1016","TM-69"],"classification_titles":["needlework - quilt","textile"],"subject_id":"TM-11206","alt_subject_ids":[],"subject_ids":["TM-11206"],"subject_titles":["foliage"],"material_id":"TM-2581","alt_material_ids":[],"material_ids":["TM-2581"],"material_titles":["wool (textile)"],"technique_id":"TM-10513","alt_technique_ids":["TM-4239"],"technique_ids":["TM-10513","TM-4239"],"technique_titles":["plain weaving","quilting"],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"c04c60e8-5488-e191-1631-13f62c575d72","alt_image_ids":["f4fe37c0-33e0-f131-24cd-b974af475eee"],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1987.148"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Bedcover"],"weight":172,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-03-27T14:49:28-05:00","updated_at":"2026-06-19T15:00:36-05:00","timestamp":"2026-06-19T15:01:17-05:00"},{"id":76776,"api_model":"artworks","api_link":"https:\/\/api.artic.edu\/api\/v1\/artworks\/76776","is_boosted":false,"title":"Kyoto Evergreen (Furnishing Fabric)","alt_titles":null,"thumbnail":{"lqip":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAgAFAPMAACVAOylCPjBCRDJERDBJRjNIRkVcWEpcWlFeXVNiXgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAACAAUAAAQIECUxSAHBnAgAOw==","width":859,"height":2250,"alt_text":"A work made of rayon, plain weave with supplementary pile warps forming cut solid velvet; tie-dyed."},"main_reference_number":"1990.225","has_not_been_viewed_much":true,"boost_rank":null,"date_start":1989,"date_end":1989,"date_display":"1989","date_qualifier_title":"Made","date_qualifier_id":4,"artist_display":"Designed by Maya Romanoff (American, 1941-2014)\nUnited States, Illinois, Chicago","place_of_origin":"United States","description":null,"short_description":null,"dimensions":"227.5 \u00d7 82.5 cm (109 1\/4 \u00d7 32 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":82,"height":227,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Rayon, plain weave with supplementary pile warps forming cut solid velvet; tie-dyed","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Purchased with funds provided by Mrs. Ralph P. 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Like many of his American contemporaries, Richard E. Miller studied at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian in Paris and spent time at Giverny, the site of Claude Monet\u2019s country home. Sunlight<\/em> is one of a group of paintings depicting scenes of women outdoors or in sunlit interiors. The light filling the room is diffused evenly over the models, objects, and windows, creating a variety of decorative patterns. In his interest in painting as nonnarrative and his technical experiments with thickly applied color over thin layers of pigment, Miller is not dissimilar to one of his many influences, \u00c9douard Vuillard<\/a>.<\/p>\n","short_description":"Like many of his American contemporaries, Richard E. Miller studied at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian in Paris and spent time at Giverny, the site of Claude Monet\u2019s country home. Sunlight<\/em> is one of a group of paintings depicting scenes of women outdoors or in sunlit interiors. The light filling the room is diffused evenly over the models, objects, and windows, creating a variety of decorative patterns.","dimensions":"114.3 \u00d7 146.1 cm (45 \u00d7 57 1\/2 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":null,"width":146,"height":114,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Oil on canvas","inscriptions":"Signed recto, bottom-right, in blue paint: \"Miller\".","credit_line":"Friends of American Art Collection","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"Catalogue of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Exhibition of American Oil Paintings and Sculpture<\/em>, exh. cat. (Art Institute of Chicago, 1915), n.p., cat. 222.\n\n\u201cComing Exhibitions\u201d, Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago<\/em> 10, no. 1 (1916): 122\u201324 (ill.), https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4102633<\/a>.\n\nFriends of American Art Yearbook, 1914\u20131915<\/em>, 5th ed. (1916), 23, 92, 94, 183.\n\nGeorge William Eggers, Handbook of Sculpture, Architecture, Paintings, and Drawings: Part II: Paintings and Drawings<\/em>, vol. 2 (Art Institute of Chicago, 1920), 44, cat. 405, https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2027\/mdp.39015036764952<\/a>.\n\nRobert B. Harshe, Handbook of Sculpture, Architecture and Paintings: Part II: Paintings<\/em>, vol. 2 (Art Institute of Chicago, 1922), 46, cat. 405, https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2027\/uva.x006053578<\/a>.\n\nMilwaukee Art Institute, Catalogue of an Exhibition of Forty Paintings Presented to the Art Institute of Chicago by the Friends of American Art<\/em>, exh. cat. (Milwaukee Art Institute, 1925), n.p., cat. 27.\n\nJudith A. Barter, et al., The Age of American Impressionism: Masterpieces from the Art Institute of Chicago<\/em> (Art Institute of Chicago, 2011), 130, cat. 74 (ill.).","exhibition_history":"Art Institute of Chicago, Twenty-Eighth Annual Exhibition of American Oil Paintings and Sculpture<\/em><\/a>, Nov. 16, 1915\u2013Jan. 2, 1916, cat. 222.\n\nMilwaukee Art Institute, An Exhibition of Forty Paintings Presented to the Art Institute of Chicago by the Friends of American Art<\/em>, Mar. 1\u201329, 1925, cat. 27.\n\nChicago, Garfield Park Art Galleries, Exhibition of Greek Sculptures and American Paintings Lent by the Art Institute of Chicago<\/em><\/a>, Nov. 5, 1935\u2013Mar. 3, 1936, no cat.\n\nChampaign, University of Illinois, Architecture Building Gallery, American Paintings from the Permanent Collection of the Art Institute of Chicago<\/em>, Dec. 3\u201329, 1939, no cat.\n\nKalamazoo, MI, Civic Theatre, Paintings from the Friends of American Art Collection,<\/em> Dec. 27, 1944\u2013Feb. 27, 1945, no cat. (organized by the Kalamazoo Institute of Art).\n\nSt. Louis Artists' Guild, Richard E. Miller Memorial Exhibtion<\/em>, \u2013Feb. 6, 1957, no cat.\n\nSt. Louis Art Museum, Richard E. Miller, American Impressionist<\/em>, Sept. 9\u2013Oct. 26, 1986, no cat.","provenance_text":"The artist, New York; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, Dec. 1915.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":21,"fiscal_year":null,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":false,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":34.4518,"color":{"h":4,"l":62,"s":60,"percentage":0.0027083096356240216,"population":15},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Painting","artwork_type_id":1,"department_title":"Arts of the Americas","department_id":"PC-3","artist_id":17374,"artist_title":"Richard E. Miller","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[17374],"artist_titles":["Richard E. 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Early American weather vanes, such as this silhouetted peacock, were collected in the 20th century for their sculptural qualities and celebrated as precursors to modernism. The Art Institute acquired this hand-forged vane from gallerist Edith Halpert, who distinguished herself in the New York art world by focusing on modern American art and vernacular arts from centuries prior. She operated two galleries in the same building: the Downtown Gallery, which focused on modern American art like the painting My Man<\/em><\/a> (1944.426) by Yasuo Kuniyoshi, and the American Folk Art Gallery. Weather vanes were popular among Halpert\u2019s clients; as Time<\/em> magazine reported, she \u201cbusily stripped the New England skyline of more than 100 vanes\u201d for sale to collectors and museums.<\/p>\n","short_description":"Early American weather vanes were collected in the 20th century for their sculptural qualities and celebrated as precursors to modernism. The Art Institute acquired this hand-forged vane from gallerist Edith Halpert, who distinguished herself in the New York art world by focusing on modern American art and vernacular arts from centuries prior. Weather vanes were popular among Halpert\u2019s clients.","dimensions":"131.8 \u00d7 71.1 \u00d7 2.5 cm (51 7\/8 \u00d7 28 \u00d7 1 in.)","dimensions_detail":[{"depth":2,"width":71,"height":131,"diameter":null,"clarification":null}],"medium_display":"Iron","inscriptions":null,"credit_line":"Elizabeth R. Vaughan Fund","catalogue_display":null,"publication_history":"Judith A. Barter and Monica Obniski, \"For Kith and Kin: The Folk Art Collection at the Art Institute of Chicago<\/em>,\" (Art Institute of Chicago\/Yale University Press, 2012) p. 66, no. 21 (ill.).\n\nElizabeth McGoey and Elizabeth Siegel, \"Photography + Folk Art at the Art Institute of Chicago,\" The Decorative Arts Trust Magazine<\/em> (Summer 2019): 17, fig. 7 (ill.).\n\n\"Photography + Folk Art: Looking for America in the 1930s,\" The Art Institute of Chicago Member Magazine<\/em> (Fall 2019): 27 (ill.).\n\nKarla Klein Albertson, \"Photography + Folk Art,\" Antiques and the Arts Weekly<\/em>, Nov. 19, 2019, https:\/\/www.antiquesandthearts.com\/photography-folk-art<\/a>.","exhibition_history":"New York, Downtown Gallery, American Folk Art Gallery, Masterpieces of American Folk Art<\/em>, June 12\u201329, 1951.\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Mar. 1952.\n\nChicago, International Ampitheatre, World Flower & Garden Show<\/em>, Mar. 19\u201327, 1960 (organized by the Chicago Horticultural Society).\n\nArt Institute of Chicago, Photography + Folk Art: Looking for America in the 1930s<\/em>, Sept. 21, 2019\u2013Jan. 19, 2020, no cat.","provenance_text":"Private collection, West Chester, PA; \"Ekalb\" (abbreviation of owner from Downtown Gallery records), CT; with Downtown Gallery, New York, by Nov. 1950 [incoming permanent reciept Rx567, Apr. 1, 1952; copy in curatorial object file]; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1952.","edition":null,"publishing_verification_level":"Web Cataloged","internal_department_id":21,"fiscal_year":null,"fiscal_year_deaccession":null,"is_public_domain":true,"is_zoomable":true,"max_zoom_window_size":-1,"copyright_notice":null,"has_multimedia_resources":false,"has_educational_resources":false,"has_advanced_imaging":false,"colorfulness":12.6837,"color":{"h":5,"l":42,"s":29,"percentage":0.015512364266812665,"population":153},"latitude":null,"longitude":null,"latlon":null,"is_on_view":false,"on_loan_display":null,"gallery_title":null,"gallery_id":null,"nomisma_id":null,"artwork_type_title":"Sculpture","artwork_type_id":3,"department_title":"Arts of the Americas","department_id":"PC-3","artist_id":114854,"artist_title":"Artist unknown","alt_artist_ids":[],"artist_ids":[114854],"artist_titles":["Artist unknown"],"category_ids":["PC-3"],"category_titles":["Arts of the Americas"],"term_titles":["metalwork","Folk Art","animals","american decorative arts","american arts","beasts","decorative arts","decorative arts"],"style_id":"TM-12125","style_title":"Folk Art","alt_style_ids":[],"style_ids":["TM-12125"],"style_titles":["Folk Art"],"classification_id":"TM-29","classification_title":"metalwork","alt_classification_ids":["TM-2190","TM-2191","TM-1678"],"classification_ids":["TM-29","TM-2190","TM-2191","TM-1678"],"classification_titles":["metalwork","american decorative arts","american arts","decorative arts"],"subject_id":"TM-12218","alt_subject_ids":["TM-12084","TM-14841"],"subject_ids":["TM-12218","TM-12084","TM-14841"],"subject_titles":["animals","beasts","decorative arts"],"material_id":null,"alt_material_ids":[],"material_ids":[],"material_titles":[],"technique_id":null,"alt_technique_ids":[],"technique_ids":[],"technique_titles":[],"theme_titles":[],"image_id":"7210206a-5726-7101-c039-1580269d5478","alt_image_ids":["a0143450-ff5e-4eab-e8ce-bb1fdfa56e23"],"document_ids":[],"sound_ids":[],"video_ids":[],"text_ids":[],"section_ids":[],"section_titles":[],"site_ids":[],"suggest_autocomplete_all":[{"input":["1952.549"],"contexts":{"groupings":["accession"]}},{"input":["Peacock Weather Vane"],"weight":6,"contexts":{"groupings":["title"]}}],"source_updated_at":"2026-06-15T11:57:47-05:00","updated_at":"2026-06-19T14:58:01-05:00","timestamp":"2026-06-19T15:01:17-05:00"}],"info":{"license_text":"The `description` field in this response is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License (CC-By) and the Terms and Conditions of artic.edu. 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